{"id":24039,"date":"2025-10-21T08:14:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T08:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.helpmesee.org\/?p=24039"},"modified":"2026-04-13T20:58:28","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T20:58:28","slug":"why-simulation-based-training-must-lead-ophthalmic-education-reform","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/es\/why-simulation-based-training-must-lead-ophthalmic-education-reform\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Simulation-based Training Must Lead Ophthalmic Education Reform\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"24039\" class=\"elementor elementor-24039\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17a6b3b8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"17a6b3b8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bca3f19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3bca3f19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When it comes to cataract surgery, one principle is clear: the quality of training directly impacts patient outcomes. Yet across the globe, cataract surgeons receive vastly different levels of preparation including using newer technology tools such as simulation-based training. While some ophthalmic professionals undergo years of structured, supervised training, <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">others receive partial and insufficient training limiting their proficiency. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In low- and middle-income countries, training often relies on passive observation and supervised completing different steps during live surgeries.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This disparity raises a critical question: Should ophthalmic surgical training be standardized globally? (1)<br \/><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22941 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-3.2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-3.2.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-3.2-300x120.jpg 300w, https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-3.2-1024x410.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-3.2-768x307.jpg 768w, https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-3.2-1536x614.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-3.2-18x7.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span class=\"TextRun MacChromeBold SCXW117060079 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW117060079 BCX0\"><br \/>The Global Cataract Burden\u2014and the Education Divide<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW117060079 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cataract remains the leading cause of blindness worldwide and the second cause of moderate or severe vision loss affecting over 100 million people. The greatest burden lies in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa\u2014regions where access to surgical care is often limited (2). By 2050, the global demand for cataract surgery will skyrocket due to population aging and growth, and the number of cases is expected to more than double globally, placing a significant strain on healthcare systems and eye care professionals.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">One of the greatest obstacles to addressing this crisis is the shortage of adequately trained cataract surgeons. <a href=\"https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/es\/msics-course\/\">Cirug\u00eda manual de catarata con incisi\u00f3n peque\u00f1a<\/a> (MSICS) is a highly effective treatment in resource-limited settings due to its affordability and efficiency (3). Performing successful MSICS as a cataract surgeon requires more than good will, but attention toward a comprehensive and strcutured hands-on training approach.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Unfortunately, global training opportunities remain inconsistent. A recent review of U.S. residency programs found that only 25% publicly offer global surgical electives\u2014and most are brief, unstructured experiences (4). <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This lack of standardized, competency-based education puts patients at significant risk.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<br \/><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-22984\" src=\"https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-46.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-46.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-46-300x120.jpg 300w, https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-46-1024x410.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-46-768x307.jpg 768w, https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-46-1536x614.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-46-18x7.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span class=\"TextRun MacChromeBold SCXW32423091 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32423091 BCX0\"><br \/>Simulation-<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32423091 BCX0\">b<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32423091 BCX0\">ased <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32423091 BCX0\">Surgical <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32423091 BCX0\">Training: A Proven <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32423091 BCX0\">Solution<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW32423091 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span> <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/es\/simulation-based-training\/\">Simulation-based surgical training<\/a>, especially when powered by virtual reality (VR) and haptic feedback, offers a transformative solution.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Multiple studies confirm that simulation-trained cataract specialists outperform their traditionally trained peers. One study demonstrated a significant reduction in posterior capsule rupture rates among novice surgeons who trained using <a href=\"https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/es\/program-features\/\">VR simulators<\/a> (5). Another randomized controlled trial revealed that even non-ophthalmologist instructors could teach MSICS effectively using simulation, proving that structured, simulator-based training is scalable and reproducible (6).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A global survey found that 25 training centers across 26 countries required simulation proficiency before allowing trainees to operate on actual patients. In these centers, simulation was viewed not as a luxury but as a surgical prerequisite (5).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <span class=\"TextRun MacChromeBold SCXW74731836 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW74731836 BCX0\">Why <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW74731836 BCX0\">Real-Time <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW74731836 BCX0\">Feedback Matters<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW74731836 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In traditional models, surgical feedback is often realized instantly if they applied too much force, missed their incision depth, or tore the capsule. Turning to supplement some of the live surgery training with simulation-based training powered by haptic (motor sensory) technology offers immediate feedback in a similar way without patient risk.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This real-time correction accelerates the learning curve and enhances fine-motor development which is a critical advantage when training for precision-based tasks like cataract surgery. A 2025 study found a direct link between motor-sensory acuity and surgical proficiency, further validating the use of simulation for skill development (7).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Instructor-led simulation programs such as the HelpMeSee Simulation-based Training Program enhance this benefit by providing personalized guidance, progress tracking, and objective assessments, all within a safe, risk-free environment (8).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What Would a Global Standard Look Like?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Global standardization doesn&#8217;t require identical tools or timelines. It means setting universal, competency-based benchmarks. Key elements might include:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mandatory demonstration of simulator-based proficiency before performing live MSICS or phacoemulsification.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Universal access to high-fidelity simulation for both motor skills and decision-making.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Structured, instructor-led feedback as a core component of training.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Countries with advanced simulation infrastructure, such as Denmark and England, require simulation-based learning before entering in the operating room and lead the initiative of incorporating simulation-based learning into residencies.\u00a0 Through global partnerships, perhaps even resource-limited regions can gain access to this quality training.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">One critical yet often overlooked benefit of simulation is exposure to serious intraoperative complications. Posterior capsule rupture, vitreous loss, and other complications require immediate and appropriate responses. Simulation allows trainees to repeatedly practice these high-stakes scenarios, building the mental and motor memory needed to succeed under pressure.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<br \/><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22944 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-5.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-5-300x120.jpg 300w, https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-5-1024x410.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-5-768x307.jpg 768w, https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-5-1536x614.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/helpmesee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Blog-image-5-18x7.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><br \/>Creating an Equitable Future in Eye Care<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Today\u2019s inconsistencies in ophthalmology training reflect deeper inequities in global healthcare. While residents in every training center could benefit from VR simulators and structured supervision, those centers and universities in higher resource settings have greater potential to gain access to simulation-based technology than those in low-resource settings which often learn through limited observation and supervision.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Simulation-based training can help level this playing field. It ensures that no matter where a cataract surgeon is trained, they meet the same standard of surgical readiness. Adoption timelines may vary, but the goal remains the same: safer, more equitable global cataract care.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Moving to Standardization<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Standardizing ophthalmology training, especially through simulation-based training, is\u00a0a granted cure for global blindness, and is powerful, scalable, and proven step in the right direction.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Simulation-based education improves outcomes, reduces complications, and shortens the path to surgical confidence. It enables global benchmarks where readiness, not geography, defines surgical competence.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">To eliminate avoidable blindness by 2050, the path forward is clear: embrace a structured, validated, and universally accessible approach to surgical education.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:separator --><\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<p><!-- \/wp:separator --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40772599\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Competency-based European <\/span>training<span data-contrast=\"none\"> requirements for the specialty of ophthalmology. Recommendations from the UEMS section of ophthalmology and the European Board of Ophthalmology. <\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Filipe HP, Ya\u00efci R, Ivekovic R, Curtin D, Asoklis R, Atilla H, Bak E, Pueyo-Bestu\u00e9 A, Beaconsfield M, Creuzot-Garcher C, Cvenkel B, Flanagan L, Imhof S, Kivel\u00e4 T, Koppen C, Mrukwa-Kominec E, Maino A, Mouriaux F, Muselier A, Dhubghaill SN, Paust K, Priglinger S, Stopa M, Strong B, Tanner F, Tassignon MJ, Ursell P; ETR Subspecialties Working Group; Aclimandos W, Bourcier T. Acta Ophthalmol. 2025 Aug 7. doi: 10.1111\/aos.17575. Online ahead of print. PMID: 40772599\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Jiang, Xiaohui, et al. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Global trends in cataract burden: a 30-year epidemiological analysis and prediction of 2050 from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Br J Ophthalmol<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, 2025.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39014211\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Publisher Correction: Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020. <\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study; GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators. Eye (Lond). 2024 Aug;38(11):2229-2231. doi: 10.1038\/s41433-024-03161-7. PMID: 39014211 Free PMC article. No abstract available.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Shalini Shah, MD, Chris R. Alabiad, MD, Zubair Ansari, MD. \u201cA Web-based Review of Global Training in United States Ophthalmology Residency Programs.\u201d <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, 2025.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dormegny, Lea, et al. \u201cGlobal Trends and Practice Patterns in Virtual Reality Simulation Training for Ophthalmic Surgery.\u201d <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Scientific Reports<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, vol. 15, 2025, article 30886.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Boberg-Ans, Lars Christian, et al. \u201cComparing the Impact of Surgical Expert versus Non-Ophthalmologist Instructors on Virtual-Reality Surgical Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\u201d <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Acta Ophthalmologica<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, vol. 102, no. 8, 2024, pp. 906\u2013913. Wiley Online Library, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.16719\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.16719<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Bozkurt Oflaz, Ayse, et al. \u201cFine Motor and Sensory Proficiency: Implications for Simulator-Based Surgical Assessments.\u201d <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">BMC Medical Education<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, vol. 25, 2025, article 1184.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Abdulnour, Raja-Elie E., et al. \u201cEducational Strategies for Clinical Supervision of Artificial Intelligence Use.\u201d <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The New England Journal of Medicine<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, vol. 393, no. 8, 2025, pp. 786\u2013797.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When it comes to cataract surgery, one principle is clear: the quality of training directly impacts patient outcomes. Yet across the globe, cataract surgeons receive vastly different levels of preparation [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24057,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"[]"},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-through-the-scope"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Why Simulation Must Lead Ophthalmic Education Reform<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore why simulation-based cataract training is essential for ophthalmic education reform and how it improves surgical readiness and patient safety.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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